America divided concept, american flag on cracked background.

Travel Restrictions During Coronavirus

By Dessie Otachliska

    1. Why is traveling during COVID-19 a problem?

Whether by airplane, bus, train, or car, traveling increases a person’s chances of contracting and spreading COVID-19. Travelling inevitably puts people in close contact, often for prolonged periods of time, and exposes them to more and different pathogens. Imagine three different situations. First, a woman takes the train from Washington, D.C. to New York City for a business meeting. To get to the train station, she takes an Uber. While at Union Station, she stops for a cup of coffee. Then, during the three-hour train ride, she’s in a train car with multiple other people. When she finally gets to New York, she has to take the subway to get to her hotel. In a single trip, the woman has come in contact with numerous people — the Uber driver, the barista, the people waiting on the platform, the other passengers on the train, everyone on the subway, and all the people at the hotel. Second, a student from the Boston area decides to drive home to North Carolina for the holidays. Even if the student drives alone, he has to make multiple stops during the thirteen-hour drive for gas, food, and lodging. By the time he makes it home to North Carolina, he would have physically passed through nine states — all with different safety regulations — and come in contact with countless people. Finally, a family of four boards a flight in Albuquerque, New Mexico to go visit family in Tallahassee, Florida. There are no direct flights for this trip, so the family must — at minimum — take two separate flights and spend multiple hours at different airports.

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Coronavirus and the Class Action

By Morgan Sandhu

As coronavirus has upended life across the globe, the disruption has been followed by a wave of class action cases. The class action — once a uniquely American litigation mechanism — has taken root internationally and numerous international coronavirus related class actions have been filed. However, the United States still stands apart in the scope and number of class actions filed. The cases filed are as ubiquitous and varied as the disruptions that society has faced.

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Bill of Health - Venezuelan migrant family behind a fence in Colombia, covid-19 migrant crisis

A Critical Analysis of the International Response to COVID-19: Reflections from Colombia

By Haley Evans, J.D.

In the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, questions of resource allocationinformation access, aseptisation, and biopolitics that were once reserved for the poor and remote are made plausible realities for the Western, postmodern city-dweller. In response, spheres of society have put forth various monodisciplinary “solutions” to stem the spread of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis, though none built through dialogue with another. Influencing many of these responses are the international law frameworks of security and militarization and the Security Council’s contentious construction of crisis. The Silicon Valley tech community endeavors to build a scalable, configurable phone app that can allow for contact tracing on a global scale — overcoming issues of interoperability, data security, and data storage. The Geneva human rights community’s focus is ensuring states’ emergency legislation adhere to principles of legality, necessity and proportionality, and non-discrimination, and that such measures are time-bound. And the populist business community wants quarantine measures to end so that economies can rebuild. Despite this parade of solutions, the coronavirus problem is not being “solved” for everyone.

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Bill of Health - Poll worker Counts ballots in a mask, election during the pandemic

Election Litigation in the Era of COVID-19

By Dessie Otachliska

The 2020 Presidential election promises to be unlike any in history. The country is still in the midst of a global pandemic, which has already claimed the lives of more than 220,000 people nationwide and created the worst economic recession in recent history. As of October 25, 2020, forty-six states still have some COVID-related restrictions in place. Despite that, COVID infections are rising in thirty-two states, and a potential vaccine remains months away from viability. But this election is unique for other reasons. A week before November 3, it had already become the most litigated election in American history. In the last six months alone, over 414 COVID-related election law cases have been filed in forty-four states. With a substantial number of cases filed in swing states like Florida, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, courts have been called to decide contested and timely questions surrounding polling place procedures, deadlines for absentee ballots, and witness and notarization requirements for absentee ballots, to name just a few. The question that will likely remain unresolved for months, if not years, after the election is to what extent such litigation will shape the results of the 2020 presidential election.

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Bill of Health - Mask, calculator, and coins on eviction notice, covid housing evictions

Pandemic Property: What COVID-19 Taught Us about Housing Law

By Joseph William Singer

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light longstanding problems in housing law. This sudden emergency has exposed systemic deficiencies in our property law system. Those flaws have long left human beings vulnerable to deprivation and hardship, but now they leave millions more people susceptible to imminent catastrophic decline in their economic wellbeing. Worse still, these systemic problems have placed many people between a rock and a hard place; they must choose to work in conditions likely to make them deathly sick or to stay home without the resources necessary to sustain health or even life. And loss of income threatens our ability to stay in our homes; many face the possibility, in the near future, of eviction or foreclosure. Without a home, we are vulnerable in this time of Covid-19 to severe illness and death. And our homes are at risk partly because so many Americans lack the resources — the wealth — to sustain them in their hour of need. The extreme inequality of wealth we have created over the last several decades has turned out to be life threatening. And worse still, it places people in a position where they pose a risk to others, including loved ones in their own families. Property in a pandemic — or rather, the lack of property in a pandemic — can, quite literally, be a death sentence.

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Bill of Health - phone in hand doing digital contact tracing, digital contact tracing feasibility

Digital Contact Tracing: Hope or Hype?

October 15, 2020

By Seth Rubinstein, J.D.

In prior pandemics, manual contact tracing has been key to slow the spread. Contact tracing entails conducting interviews with infected patients to identify with whom they might have been in contact, so those individuals could be notified and quarantined. Smartphones make it technically possible to digitally trace contacts made with someone infected with coronavirus. Much of East Asia began implementing this technology from the early stages of the pandemic, and in the spring there was much hope that digital contact tracing could help the U.S. “return to normal” sooner. But is this more hype than hope?

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Bill of Health - Mask with "misinformation" written in it with a "stop" above on a gray background, covid misininformation

Emergency Measures: Free Speech and Online Content Moderation During Coronavirus

By Jeremy Dang

In the chaos and confusion of the coronavirus pandemic, few have stopped to notice or second-guess the unprecedented role that online platforms have assumed in the past few months. Among the few who have, fewer still have looked beyond the pandemic and questioned what is truly at stake. In a matter of years, social media has become an essential, indispensable part of how we relate to each other and the world around us, and the power of online communication is now undeniable. Today, a tweet or a Facebook post can quickly reach vast personal, social, and even political networks, and online communication has even facilitated important national and global movements. But during a global pandemic, when staying informed can mean the difference between life or death, the power of online speech takes on a new urgency, and the dangers of pernicious speech can quickly become lethal. In a pandemic, misinformation is not abstractly disruptive or potentially harmful, but immediately dangerous in obvious, devastating ways.

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Bill of Health - American currency (50, 100, 20) on a wooden table next to pills and spilling bottle of pharmaceuticals

Returns to Public Investment in Drug Discovery: Some Fundamental Questions

By Fred Ledley, Ekaterina Cleary, and Matthew Jackson [1]

“I am disposed to ask: “Does teaching consist in putting questions?” Indeed, the secret of your system has just this instant dawned upon me.”
Socrates in Oeconomicus (Economics) by Xenophon

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed longstanding debates about the role of the public and private sectors in drug discovery and development from questions of optimal policy to questions of life and death. On one hand, it has dramatically demonstrated the public’s dependence on biopharmaceutical companies for the discovery, development, manufacture, and distribution of drugs and vaccines that may quell the pandemic. On the other hand, the billions of dollars of public funding demanded by the private sector to pursue these products vividly illustrates the industry’s reliance on public funding for the development of products that address the public’s most pressing needs.

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Bill of Health - young Black man casting his vote with mask one, pandemic elections

Voter Suppression: Disinformation and Harmful Narratives around Voting

This memo was originally written by the Disinfo Defense League (DDL) and published by their writers on August 27, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic has birthed a cottage industry of misinformation and disinformation. From phony cures to inaccurate information on how the virus spreads, people are receiving a vast amount of disinformation about the pandemic. Unsurprisingly, this is beginning to show up in harmful narratives around voting in the November election.

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Emergency department entrance.

Prioritizing Life: The Grim Irony of Capital Punishment in the Time of Coronavirus

By

As it has transformed almost every aspect of social and economic life in America, the coronavirus pandemic has forced local governments and public health officials to think about incarcerated populations in new ways. Concentrated in crowded, often unsanitary conditions where social distancing is impossible, prison populations face heightened risks of contracting COVID-19, and prisons themselves can easily become virus hotspots once an inmate is exposed. Since the end of March, when testing became widely available for incarcerated populations, there have been at least 95,000 cases reported among prisoners, with at least 847 deaths across the country. In the first few months of the pandemic, researchers reported that incarcerated populations were 5.5 times more likely to contract COVID-19 and 3 times more likely to die from the virus.[1] In response, many state courts and corrections departments have embraced novel protective measures, with some jails releasing inmates or reducing admissions. Even with these piecemeal measures in effect, however, incarcerated populations remain among the most vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19, and the virus has spread like wildfire in the prisons that it has touched. As a result, new debates about the institutions of mass incarceration are emerging, as reformers approach familiar problems with renewed vigor and original perspectives.

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