Category: Student Fellows

An ordinary classroom in an African school.

Two Years On: The Reversal of Tanzania’s Education Policies for Adolescent Mothers

Joelle Boxer 2 Comments

By Joelle Boxer

In November 2021, Tanzania’s Ministry of Education reversed a policy preventing adolescent mothers from attending public schools. Two years on, research shows the movement for #ArudiShuleni (“Back to School”) requires continued support.

Prior to the policy change, an estimated 6,550–15,000 Tanzanian girls and adolescents were forced out of school each year due to pregnancy, while thousands more were subject to coercive pregnancy testing. The reversal has fundamental implications at the intersection of rights to sexual and reproductive health care and education.

This article will review the expulsion policy, efforts leading to its reversal, and the government’s recent re-entry guidelines, with a focus on the driving role of civil society.

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President Joe Biden at desk in Oval Office.

What’s on the Horizon for Health and Biotech with the AI Executive Order

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By Adithi Iyer

Last month, President Biden signed an Executive Order mobilizing an all-hands-on-deck approach to the cross-sector regulation of artificial intelligence (AI). One such sector (mentioned, from my search, 33 times) is health/care. This is perhaps unsurprising— the health sector touches almost every other aspect of American life, and of course continues to intersect heavily with technological developments. AI is particularly paradigm-shifting here: the technology already advances existing capabilities in analytics, diagnostics, and treatment development exponentially. This Executive Order is, therefore, as important a development for health care practitioners and researchers as it is for legal experts. Here are some intriguing takeaways:  Read More

Contemporary art collage. Human hands knitting brain.

Want to Change Minds About Psychedelics? Start with PTSD

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By Vincent Joralemon

Psychedelics have a public relations problem, due in part to overzealous promoters, genuine risks, and bad science. But, recent psychedelic legislation sponsored by conservative congressperson Dan Crenshaw shows minds can be changed in this space.

Public perceptions will shape efforts to reclassify, decriminalize, and make psychedelics available for therapeutic use. The most effective way to change peoples’ opinions is to highlight the success stories of those who have tried psychedelics. And, as Crenshaw’s story shows, psychedelic-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a compelling application for precisely those who harbor the most skepticism towards these drugs.

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FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA, USA - NOVEMBER 4, 2008: Women voters at polls during presidential election, paper ballots.

Taking Abortion to the Polls: What To Expect in Ohio

Joelle Boxer 1 Comment

By Joelle Boxer

Dobbs “return[ed]” the authority to regulate abortion to “the people and their elected representatives.” The people of Ohio will act on that authority on November 7, demonstrating yet again the emerging role of referenda in American abortion law.

The referendum will determine if “The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety Amendment,” or Issue 1, is added to the Ohio Constitution. It reads as follows: “Every individual has a right to make and carry out one’s own reproductive decisions, including but not limited to decisions on contraception, fertility treatment, continuing one’s own pregnancy, miscarriage care, and abortion.”

The amendment would establish a constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability (around 22-24 weeks gestation), and would include exceptions for later term abortions in instances where it is necessary to protect the pregnant person’s life or health.

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Operating room Doctor or Surgeon anatomy on Advanced robotic surgery machine.

Protecting Consumer Privacy in DTC Tissue Testing

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By Adithi Iyer

In my last piece, I discussed the hypothetical successor of 23andme — a tissue-based direct-to-consumer testing service I’ve called yourtissueandyou — and the promise and perils that it might bring in consumer health information and privacy. Now, as promised, a closer look at the “who” and “how” of protecting the consumer at the heart of direct-to-consumer precision medicine. While several potential consumer interests are at stake with these services, at top of mind is data privacy — especially when the data is medically relevant and incredibly difficult to truly de-anonymize.

As we’ve established, the data collected by a tissue-based service will be vaster and more varied than we’ve seen before, magnifying existing issues with traditional data privacy. Consumer protections for this type of information are, in a word, complicated. A singular “authority” for data privacy does not exist in the United States, instead being spread among individual state data privacy statutes and regulatory backstops (with overlapping sections of some federal statutes in the background). In the context of health, let alone highly sophisticated cell signaling and microenvironment data, the web gets even more tangled.

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five multi ethnic business people negotiating in modern boardroom.

A Pseudo-Nonprofit Model for Psychedelic Clinical Trial Funding

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By Vincent Joralemon

A $70 million deal struck between a venture capital firm and a prominent psychedelic advocacy organization suggests that funding for psychedelic research may increasingly rely on nonprofit and commercial partnerships.

As the commercial appeal of these substances grows, this might serve as a promising model to channel the resources of for-profit entities toward this field. This funding can support clinical trials, FDA approval, and ultimately insurance coverage for these promising (but resource-intensive) therapies.

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Doctor or surgeon with organ transport after organ donation for surgery in front of the clinic in protective clothing.

Organ Transplant Candidates Who Use Medical Cannabis Face Discrimination

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By Hannah Rahim

Medical cannabis users in the U.S. face discrimination in seeking health care services, including restrictions against obtaining solid organ transplants.

Considering growing evidence that medical cannabis (which is legal in 38 states, 3 territories, and the District of Columbia) does not compromise post-transplant health outcomes, policymakers should rethink the use of cannabis consumption as a contraindicator to transplantation and should adopt legal protections to prevent undue discrimination towards medical cannabis users.

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State of California flag on a flagpole.

California’s Reproductive Freedom Efforts Should Meaningfully Include People With Disabilities

Joelle Boxer 1 Comment

By Joelle Boxer

Last month, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed a package of nine reproductive health care bills, following the passage of fifteen such bills in 2022. While the state should be lauded for its efforts, it has come up short. Recent legislation largely excludes up to 25% of the adult population: Californians with disabilities.

People with disabilities in the U.S. experience wide disparities in accessing reproductive health care, rooted in a long history of oppressive reproductive control. California should take action now to address these disparities and fulfil its goal of becoming a “reproductive freedom state” for all.

This article will examine recent movement on reproductive health care legislation in California, explain its failure to meet the needs of Californians with disabilities, and suggest a path forward in line with principles of disability reproductive justice.

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sample tube in female hands with pipette.

Why We Should Care About the Move from Saliva to Living Cells in Precision Medicine

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By Adithi Iyer

The cultural, informational, and medical phenomenon that is 23andMe has placed a spotlight on precision medicine, which seeks to personalize medical care to each patient’s unique makeup. Thus far, advances in direct-to-consumer genetic testing have made saliva-sample sequencing services all the rage in this space, but regenerative medicine, which relies on cells and tissues, rather than saliva, now brings us to a new, increasingly complex inflection point.

While collecting and isolating DNA samples from saliva may offer a wealth of information regarding heredity, disease risk, and other outflows of the “instruction manual” for patients, analyzing cells captures the minutiae of patients that goes “beyond the book” and most closely informs pathology. Disease isn’t always “written in the stars” for patients. Epigenetic changes from environmental exposures, cell-to-cell signaling behaviors, and the mutations present in diseased cells all profoundly inform how cells behave in whether and how they code the instructions that DNA offers. These factors are critical to understanding how disease materializes, progresses, and ultimately responds to treatment. This information is highly personal to each patient, and reflects behavioral factors as well as genetics.

Regenerative medical technologies use cell- and tissue-based methods to recapitulate, bioengineer, and reprogram human tissue, making a whole suite of sci-fi-sounding technologies an ever-closer reality. With cell-based and other regenerative therapies entering the market (making up an entire FDA subgroup), it well worth considering how cell-based medicine can advance the world of personalized consumer testing. In other words, could a corporate, direct-to-consumer cell-based testing service be the next 23andMe? And what would that mean for patients?

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Miniature of a passenger plane flying on the map of United States of America from south east. Conceptual image for tourism and travel.

The Constitutionality of Banning Interstate Travel for Abortion

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By Hannah Rahim

After the Supreme Court eliminated the constitutionally protected right to abortion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, right-wing states have begun enacting abortion bans and discussing the possibility of restricting interstate travel for abortion.

Although there is a general presumption against a state’s ability to regulate extraterritorially (i.e., beyond its borders), legal authority suggests that the Constitution does not clearly prohibit a state from regulating abortion travel.

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